Audiological Findings in Patients with OculoAuriculo-Vertebral Spectrum

Introduction Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum, also referred to as Goldenhar syndrome, is a condition characterized by alterations involving the development of the structures of the first and second branchial arches. The abnormalities primarily affect the face, the eyes, the spine, and the ears, and the auricular abnormalities are associated with possible hearing loss. Objective To analyze the audiological findings of patients with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum through liminal pure-tone audiometry and speech audiometry test. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted on 10 patients with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum and clinical findings on at least two of the following areas: orocraniofacial, ocular, auricular, and vertebral. All patients underwent tonal and vocal hearing evaluations. Results Seven patients were male and three were female; all had ear abnormalities, and the right side was the most often affected. Conductive hearing loss was the most common (found in 10 ears), followed by sensorineural hearing loss (in five ears), with mixed hearing loss in only one ear. The impairment of the hearing loss ranged frommild to moderate, with one case of profound loss. Conclusions The results show a higher frequency of conductive hearing loss among individuals with the oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum phenotype, especially moderate loss affecting the right side. Furthermore, research in auditory thresholds in the oculoauriculo- vertebral spectrum is important in speech therapy findings about the disease to facilitate early intervention for possible alterations. .

Tumor growth reduction is regulated at the gene level in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats supplemented with fish oil rich in EPA and DHA

We investigated the effect of fish oil (FO) supplementation on tumor growth, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and RelA gene and protein expression in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats. Male Wistar rats (70 days old) were fed with regular chow (group W) or chow supplemented with 1 g/kg body weight FO daily (group WFO) until they reached 100 days of age. Both groups were then inoculated with a suspension of Walker 256 ascitic tumor cells (3×107 cells/mL). After 14 days the rats were killed, total RNA was isolated from the tumor tissue, and relative mRNA expression was measured using the 2-ΔΔCT method. FO significantly decreased tumor growth (W=13.18±1.58 vs WFO=5.40±0.88 g, P<0.05). FO supplementation also resulted in a significant decrease in COX-2 (W=100.1±1.62 vs WFO=59.39±5.53, P<0.001) and PPARγ (W=100.4±1.04 vs WFO=88.22±1.46, P<0.05) protein expression. Relative mRNA expression was W=1.06±0.022 vs WFO=0.31±0.04 (P<0.001) for COX-2, W=1.08±0.02 vs WFO=0.52±0.08 (P<0.001) for PPARγ, and W=1.04±0.02 vs WFO=0.82±0.04 (P<0.05) for RelA. FO reduced tumor growth by attenuating inflammatory gene expression associated with carcinogenesis.

Correlation between the eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and the aggressive behavior in mice / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the correlation between the eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the aggressive behavior in mice.@*METHODS@#Seventy-two male Kunming mice were divided into control group, fish oil group, simvastatin group and aggressive reference group randomly. The control group, fish oil group and simvastatin group were given normal saline, fish oil and simvastatin by irrigation respectively for 3 months consecutively, each mouse was raised isolatedly. The latent period of assault, the frequencies of tail swing and assault, and the cumulative time of assault were recorded at the beginning and the end of the intervention. Finally, the EPA and DHA in brain were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The aggressive reference group was raised without intervention and was evaluated as aggressive reference only.@*RESULTS@#(1) Before intervention, the latent period of assault, the frequencies of tail swing, the frequencies of assault, and the cumulative time of assault were not significantly different from each other group. After intervention, the differences were significant (P<0.05). (2) After the intervention, the content of EPA and DHA in mice brain was the most in the fish oil group, and the least in the simvastatin group. (3) The content of EPA was negatively related with the four indexes (P<0.05) before and after the intervention. The content of DHA was negatively related with the frequencies of tail swing and assault (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#There is a correlation between the EPA, DHA and aggressive behavior in mice under stress.

Nitric oxide enhancement and blood pressure decrease in patients with metabolic syndrome using soy protein or fish oil / Aumento de óxido nítrico e diminuição da pressão sanguínea em pacientes com síndrome metabólica em uso de proteína de soja ou óleo de peixe

OBJECTIVE: To verify the effects of fish oil and soy on nitric oxide (NO) and blood pressure in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty women with MS were investigated in a parallel randomized design study. The first group maintained their usual diet; the second group received 25 g/day of soy; the third group received 3 g/day of n-3 fatty acids, and the fourth group the same amount previously cited of n-3 fatty acids and soy. RESULTS: Serum nitric oxide metabolites showed significant increase after 90 days in the fish oil and soy groups. Systolic pressure reduced after 45 days of treatment with fish oil, whereas diastolic pressure decreased significantly throughout the study in the soy group. CONCLUSIONS: NO increase and blood pressure reduction with fish oil or soy protein reinforce the importance of the influence of NO on blood pressure in patients with MS.

OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito do óleo de peixe e soja sobre o óxido nítrico (NO) e a pressão arterial em pacientes com síndrome metabólica (SM). SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Sessenta mulheres com SM foram avaliadas em estudo paralelo randomizado. O primeiro grupo manteve sua dieta habitual, o segundo grupo recebeu 25 g/dia de soja, o terceiro grupo recebeu 3 g/dia de ácidos graxos n-3 e o quarto grupo, a mesma quantidade citada anteriormente de ácidos graxos n-3 e soja. RESULTADOS: Os níveis séricos de metabólitos de NO foram significativamente superiores após 90 dias de intervenção com soja ou óleo de peixe. Somente o grupo que recebeu o óleo de peixe apresentou redução na pressão sistólica após 45 dias. Já a soja reduziu a pressão diastólica em 45 e 90 dias. CONCLUSÕES: O aumento de NO e a redução da pressão arterial com óleo de peixe ou proteína de soja reforçam a influência do óxido nítrico sobre a pressão arterial em pacientes com SM.

Flaxseed, olive and fish oil influence plasmatic lipids, lymphocyte migration and morphometry of the intestinal of Wistar rats / Óleo de linhaça, oliva e peixe influenciam os lipídios plasmáticos, migração de linfócitos e morfometria intestinal de ratos Wistar

PURPOSE: Evaluate the effect of flaxseed, olive and fish oil on the lipid profile, preservation of villosities and lymphocyte migration in the intestinal mucosa of Wistar rats. METHODS: Thirty Wistar male rats were divided into four groups, which received the AIN-93M diet, with changes only to their lipid source: flaxseed, olive, fish, and soy oil (control group). The serum was separated for the biochemical parameter analysis. A histological evaluation was performed in the ileal portion. RESULTS: The group which was fed fish oil presented lower values when compared to the other treatments for Total Cholesterol, High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Triacylglycerol (p<0.05). The animals treated with fish and olive oils presented better intestinal villosities preservation. Less deposition of lymphocytes was observed in the flaxseed group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that flaxseed, olive and fish oils present different responses than soy oil for the intestinal mucosa preservation and lymphocyte proliferation in Wistar rats.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito dos óleos de linhaça, oliva e peixe no perfil lipídico, preservação das vilosidades e migração de linfócitos na mucosa intestinal de ratos Wistar. MÉTODOS: Trinta ratos Wistar foram divididos em quarto grupos e receberam dieta AIN-93M, modificando para cada grupo apenas a fonte lipídica: óleo de linhaça, oliva, peixe e soja ( grupo controle). O soro foi separado para análise dos parâmetros bioquímicos. A análise histológica foi realizada na porção ileal. RESULTADOS: O grupo que recebeu óleo de peixe apresentou menores valores de colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidade e triacilglicerol (p<0.05). Os animais tratados com óleo de peixe e oliva apresentaram melhor preservação das vilosidades intestinais. Menor deposição de linfócitos foi observado no grupo tratado com óleo de linhaça (p<0.001). CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo demonstrou que os óleos de linhaça, oliva e peixe apresentam diferentes respostas em relação ao óleo de soja na preservação da mucosa intestinal e proliferação de linfócitos em ratos Wistar.

Differential Effects of High-carbohydrate and High-fat Diet Composition on Muscle Insulin Resistance in Rats

This study was conducted to evaluate whether the composition of carbohydrate or fat diet affects insulin resistance by measuring the muscle glucose transport rate. Both high-sucrose and high-starch diet with or without high-fat decreased insulin-stimulated glucose transport, but there were no significant differences among groups. Calorie intake in both high-sucrose and high-starch diet groups was higher than in chow group. The high-fat high-sucrose diet induced decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose transport was partially improved by supplement with fish oil. Calorie intake in high-fat high-sucrose and fish oil supplemented groups was higher than in chow group. The decreased insulin-stimulated glucose transport was accompanied by the increase in visceral fat mass, plasma triglyceride and insulin levels. These changes were improved by the supplement with fish oil. These results demonstrate that the composition of fat in diet is clearly instrumental in the induction of muscle insulin resistance. However, in high carbohydrate diet, it is likely that the amount of calorie intake may be a more important factor in causing insulin resistance than the composition of carbohydrate. Thus, the compositions of carbohydrate and fat in diet differentially affect on muscle insulin resistance.

Aceites de origen marino; su importancia en la nutrición y en la ciencia de alimentos / Marine oils; nutritional and food science relevance

Marine oils are today valuable products with widely nutritional and food applications because of their high content of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Originally, marine oils were by-products from the manufacture of fish meal. However, research in the last years has demonstrated important health benefits of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids for both humans and animals. The present work reviews the health and nutritional effects of the most important omega-3 marine oils fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid fDHAJ), the nutritional bioavailabitity of these fatty acids, the technological alternatives to include them into different foods, and the actual great valorization of DHA. Also, it discusses the incorporation of these fatty acids to public nutritional and health policies, and the technological challenge that must be encouraged by the fish oil producers to incorporate into their manufacture practices to the requirements of the new nutritional utilization of these valuable products.

Los aceites de origen marino son hoy en día valiosos productos con gran aplicación nutricional y alimentaria por su alto contenido de ácidos grasos omega-3 de cadena larga. Originalmente estos aceites eran solo un sub-producto de la fabricación de harina de pescado. Sin embargo, la investigación en los últimos años ha demostrado sus importantes beneficios en la salud tanto humana como animal. El presente trabajo analiza los efectos en la salud y en la nutrición de los principales ácidos grasos omega-3 de origen marino (eicosapentaenoico, EPA y docosahexaenoico, DHA), la biodisponibilidad nutritional de estos ácidos grasos, las alternativas tecnológicas para incorporarlos a diferentes alimentos, la gran valorización actual del DHA, la incorporación de los ácidos grasos omega-3 a las políticas públicas de salud y nutrición, y el desafío tecnológico que significa para las actuales empresas productoras de aceite de pescado el incorporarse a esta nueva modalidad de utilización nutricional de este valioso producto.

Long-term treatment of N-3 PUFAS on plasma lipoprotein levels and fatty acid composition of total serum and erythrocyte lipids in hypertriglyceridemic patients.

The low incidence of coronary heart disease in Greenland Eskimos and Japanese fishermen who have high consumption of fish and seafood has called the attention in the role of eicosapentaenoic (EPA = 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA = 22: 6n-3) acids, the major n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in fish oils, in reducing cardiovascular risk. N-3 PUFAs may reduce serum lipids by promoting fatty acid oxidation and decrease VLDL producing from the liver, depress tissue arachidonate synthesis and alter the composition and tissue PUFAs. Plasma lipoprotein and fatty acid composition of total serum and erythrocyte lipids in 9 hypertriglyceridemic patients consisting of 4 males and 5 females aged 39-72 yr who attended the Nutrition Clinic, Ramathibodi Hospital were investigated. The study period consisted of 4 wks of dietary advice only followed by 48 wks of dietary advice with a daily intake of 6 g of fish oil capsules (FOC). Six grams of FOC provided 1080 mg of 2:5n-3 and 720 mg of 22:6n-3. Their plasma triglyceride (TG) levels at wk 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 were 356.7, 230.1, 209.7, 192.9, 22 7.4 mg/dL and M-particle (equivalent to very low density lipoprotein, VLDL) were 484.4, 354.8, 383.1, 349.7, 453.2 mg/dL respectively that decreased significantly, whereas their plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels at the same periods were 139.4, 164.9, 171.0, 157.1, 158.3 mg/dL that increased significantly. Serum and erythrocyte 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in these subjects were significantly higher than those at wk 0 throughout the study. These findings indicate the bioavailability of 20: 5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in TG lowering effect of FOC. Fatty acids from fish oil have a remarkable effect on the synthesis and clearance of TG-rich lipoproteins, especially VLDL and chylomicrons. Though daily treatment with 6 g of FOC has a striking effect in increasing plasma LDL-C levels.

Effect of fish oil on mitochondrial respiration in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats.

Following isoproterenol treatment mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, phosphoslipase activity, lactate and calcium increased significantly, while activities of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, enzymes of respiratory chain and ATP production showed decline. Oxidative phosphorylation was also affected on isoproterenol treatment with significant reduction in all the variables. Fish oil pretreatment in isoproterenol treated rats showed improved mitochondrial energy metabolism. The results suggest cardioprotective effect of fish oil.

Effect of dietary fish on antioxidant parameters of normal and cholesterol stressed rats.

Feeding fish (Sardinella longiceps) to normal rats increased lipid peroxidation and total and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activity in erythrocytes and manganese dependent superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity in liver. Feeding fish to cholesterol stressed rats showed a significant increase in the activity of GSH-px and cholesterol feeding alone, resulted in a significant increase in the lipid peroxidation and liver Mn-SOD activity. The results suggest that the high polyunsaturated fatty acid content of S. longiceps, the fish abundantly available in the west coast of India, does not have any deleterious effect by way of free radical generation. The observed lipid peroxidation is not critical as is evident from the results of glutathione level and other scavenging enzymes.

Alteraçöes metabólicas e funcionais em células e órgäos do sistema imunológico de ratos induzidas pela administraçäo intragástrica do óleo de peixe / Metabolic and functional changes in cells and organs of immune system of rats due to the fish oil administrated by gavage

O consumo de cápsulas de óleo de peixe (OP) por humanos visa a atenuaçäo dos sintomas e prevençäo de várias patologias. As alteraçöes metabólicas e funcionais em células e órgäos do sistema imunológico causadas pelo OP pela administraçäo intragástrica (AIG) foram avaliadas. Ratos recém-desmamados (50-70 g) foram submetidos a AIG diária com óleo de peixe, óleo de soja ou manteiga de cacau (0,4 por cento do peso), por 28 dias. Os dados da AIG do OP foram também comparados com os da dieta enriquecida com OP. Foram avaliados: aumento de permeabilidade vascular (reaçäo anafilática), funcionalidade de macrófagos (produçäo de 'H IND. 2O IND. 2', 'O IND. 2' e fagocitose), proliferaçäo de linfócitos, a atividade máxima das enzimas: hexoquinase, glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase, citrato sintase (metabolismo de glicose), catalase, glutationa peroxidase e superóxido dismutase (antioxidantes) no baço, linfonodo mesentérico e timo. A concentraçäo de TBARs nos mesmos órgäos e no plasma e a capacidade antioxidante do plasma foram também determinadas

Aplicacion de un Metodo Tecnologico para obtener Capsulas Blandas sin Costura / Application of a technological method to obtain seamless soft capsules

Se aplica un metodo de produccion de capsulas blandas por goteo, mediante la utilizacion de un equipo montado a nivel de laboratorio para la encapsulacion de aceite de higado de tiburon, para su uso en grupos poblacionales carentes de vitamina A. De acuerdo con los resultados preliminares obtenidos, se pudo comprobar la reproducibilidad del metodo utilizado en la elaboracion de las capsulas para su posible aplicacion en el pais

Blocking of alcohol-induced effects on synthesis and secretion of apo B containing lipoproteins by substituting sardine oil in the diet.

The effect of substitution of fish oil in the diet on the alcohol-induced changes in the metabolism of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) by primary cultures of rat hepatocytes has been studied. Rats fed groundnut oil diet or sardine oil diet were given alcohol (3 g/kg) for 4 weeks. Substitution of fish oil for groundnut oil in the diet blocked the hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipoproteinemia caused by alcohol. Enhanced incorporation of [3H]leucine into apo B secreted into the medium and [14C]acetate into lipids associated with secreted VLDL indicated an increased rate of synthesis of apo B containing lipoproteins by hepatocytes from livers of rats receiving alcohol. Fish oil in the diet reduced incorporation of [3H]leucine into apo B and that of [14C]acetate into lipids indicating a lower rate of synthesis of apo B containing lipoproteins. Pulse chase experiments confirmed the above observation. Thus it is suggested that fish oil in the diet prevents hyperlipoproteinemia caused by alcohol possibly by reducing the synthesis and secretion of VLDL by liver.

Efeito da suplementaçäo dietética com óleo de peixe sobre o rim de ratos diabéticos / Effect of oil supplement on diabetic kidney rats

Os autores estudaram o efeito da suplementaçao dietética com óleo de peixe em ratos Wistar machos com diabetes melito induzido por estreptozotocina. Grupos:controle (C), diabéticos (DM), C tratados com óleo de peixe (OP) e DM tratados com óleo de peixe (DM-OP). Após 12 semanas, nao observaram diferenças significativas nos valores da taxa de filtraçao glomerular do fluxo plasmático renal,volume glomerular médio e índice de esclerose glomerular. O conteúdo glomerular de heparam sulfato (HS) no grupo DM-OP foi significativamente menor do que nos demais grupos. Concluem que o uso de óleo de peixe por 12 semanas nao modificou a funçao e a morfologia glomerulares de ratos diabéticos. Contudo, a reduçao de HS nos animais DM-OP sugere possível efeito adverso sobre a permeabilidade seletiva glomerular, merecendo melhor avaliaçao.

Effect of cod liver oil supplementation on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, lipase activity and platelet aggregation in normotensive and hypertensive volunteers.

No significant change in plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, phospholipids, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), lipase activity and TC/HDL-C ratio could be observed in both normotensive and hypertensive individuals after cod liver oil supplementation. Measure of platelet aggregation rates did not also show any significant change after cod liver oil ingestion in both normotensive and hypertensive individuals. The results suggest that supplementation of normal diets with 600 mg cod liver oil per day for 50 days neither affects plasma lipids, lipoproteins and lipase activity nor affects platelet aggregation in both normotensive and hypertensive individuals.